Java program to push zeroes to the end of the array

Problem

Given an array of random numbers, push all the zeroes of a given array to the end of the array.

Solution

We will iterate through the array and move all non zero elements to the front first. We will then fill the remaining array elements with zeroes until we reach the end of the array.

Complexity: O(n)

package com.interview.prep.programs;

public class MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray {

    public int[] moveZeroes(int[] numbers) throws Exception {

        if (numbers != null) {

            int nonZeroCount = 0;

            // Iterate through the array and move all non zero elements to the left
            for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
                if (numbers[i] != 0) {
                    numbers[nonZeroCount] = numbers[i];
                    nonZeroCount++;
                }
            }

        /* Fill the remaining elements on and after nonZeroCount with zeros
           (these are the zeroes that should be at the end) */
            while (nonZeroCount < numbers.length) {
                numbers[nonZeroCount] = 0;
                nonZeroCount++;
            }

            return numbers;


        } else {
            throw new Exception("Input array cannot be null");
        }

    }
}

Testing

We should at minimum consider below test cases to test the above program:

Test Case	Expected Result
Input array is empty	Empty output
Input array is null	Throws Exception
Input array has all zeroes at the end.	Same as Input
Input array has all zeroes at the beginning.	All zeroes will move to the end and the ordering of non zero elements stays unchanged.
Input array has all zeroes at the center.	All zeroes will move to the end and the ordering of non zero elements stays unchanged.
Input array has all its element as zero.	Same as Input
Input Array has no zeroes in its elements.	Same as Input
Input array has Integer’s MAX and MIN value in its element.	All zeroes will move to the end and the ordering of non zero elements stays unchanged.
Input array is very large including zeroes	All zeroes will move to the end and the ordering of non zero elements stays unchanged.
Input Array with one element.	Same as Input

TestNG Tests

package com.interview.prep.programs;

import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArrayTest {

    @Test
    public void testMoveWhenZeroesPresentInBetween() throws Exception {
        MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray = new MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray();
        int[] actualOutput = moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray.moveZeroes(new int[]{0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 10});
        Assert.assertEquals(actualOutput, new int[]{5, 3, 2, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0});
    }

    @Test
    public void testMoveWhenZeroesPresentAtTheBeginning() throws Exception {
        MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray = new MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray();
        int[] actualOutput = moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray.moveZeroes(new int[]{0, 0, 0, 0, 3, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 10, 1, 4, Integer.MIN_VALUE});
        Assert.assertEquals(actualOutput, new int[]{3, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 10, 1, 4, Integer.MIN_VALUE, 0, 0, 0, 0});
    }

    @Test
    public void testMoveWhenZeroesPresentAtTheEnd() throws Exception {
        MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray = new MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray();
        int[] actualOutput = moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray.moveZeroes(new int[]{Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2, -7, 1, -200, Integer.MIN_VALUE, 0, 0, 0});
        Assert.assertEquals(actualOutput, new int[]{Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2, -7, 1, -200, Integer.MIN_VALUE, 0, 0, 0});
    }

    @Test(expectedExceptions = {Exception.class})
    public void testMoveWhenArrayNullThrowsException() throws Exception {
        MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray = new MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray();
        int[] numbers = moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray.moveZeroes(null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testMoveWhenArrayEmptyReturnsEmptyArray() throws Exception {
        MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray = new MoveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray();
        int[] actualOutput = moveZeroesToTheEndOfTheArray.moveZeroes(new int[]{});
        Assert.assertEquals(actualOutput, new int[]{});
    }


}

java array interview